Disaster Recovery
Zerto vs. vSphere Replication: Which DR Strategy is for You? | Lazy Admin Blog
When it comes to Disaster Recovery (DR) in a VMware environment, there are two names that always come up: vSphere Replication (VR) and Zerto.
One is often “free” (included in most licenses), while the other is a premium enterprise powerhouse. But in 2026, with the shifts in Broadcom’s licensing and the rise of ransomware, the choice isn’t just about price—it’s about how much data you can afford to lose.
The Contenders
1. vSphere Replication (The Built-in Basic)
vSphere Replication is a hypervisor-based, asynchronous replication engine. It’s integrated directly into vCenter and captures changed blocks to send to a target site.
- Best For: Small to medium businesses with “relaxed” recovery goals.
- Cost: Included with vSphere Standard and vSphere Foundation subscriptions.
2. Zerto (The Gold Standard for CDP)
Zerto uses Continuous Data Protection (CDP). Instead of taking snapshots, it uses a lightweight agent on each host to intercept every write in real-time and stream it to the DR site.
- Best For: Mission-critical apps where losing 15 minutes of data is a catastrophe.
- Cost: Licensed per VM (Premium pricing).
Key Comparison: RPO and RTO
In the world of “Lazy Adminning,” we care most about RPO (Recovery Point Objective – how much data we lose) and RTO (Recovery Time Objective – how fast we get back up).
| Feature | vSphere Replication | Zerto (HPE) |
| Replication Method | Snapshot-based (Asynchronous) | Journal-based (CDP) |
| Best RPO | 5 to 15 Minutes | 5 to 10 Seconds |
| Point-in-Time Recovery | Limited (up to 24 instances) | Granular (Any second within 30 days) |
| Orchestration | Requires VMware Site Recovery Manager (SRM) | Built-in (One-click failover) |
| Snapshots | Uses VM Snapshots (can impact performance) | No Snapshots (Zero impact on IOPS) |
Why Choose vSphere Replication?
If you have a limited budget and your management is okay with losing 30 minutes of data, VR is the way to go.
- Pros: It’s already there. No extra software to install besides the appliance. It works well for low-change workloads.
- Cons: It relies on snapshots, which can cause “stun” on high-load SQL servers. Without adding SRM (Site Recovery Manager), failover is a manual, painful process of registering VMs and fixing IPs.
Why Choose Zerto?
If you are running a 24/7 shop or protecting against Ransomware, Zerto is king.
- Pros: The Journal is a time machine. If ransomware hits at 10:05:30 AM, you can failover to 10:05:25 AM. It also handles IP re-addressing and boot ordering natively.
- Cons: It’s an expensive add-on. It also requires a “Virtual Replication Appliance” (VRA) on every host in your cluster, which uses a bit of RAM and CPU.
The Verdict: Which one is “Lazy”?
- vSphere Replication is lazy at the start (easy to turn on), but high-effort during an actual disaster (lots of manual work).
- Zerto is a bit more work to set up but is the ultimate “Lazy Admin” tool during a disaster—you literally click one button, walk away, and grab a coffee while the entire data center boots itself at the DR site.
ZCP Study Guide: Zerto Certified Professional Exam Q&A | Lazy Admin Blog
Ready to become a Master of Disaster? If you are preparing for the Zerto Certified Professional (ZCP) exam, you know that understanding the nuances of Continuous Data Protection (CDP) is key.
Below is a quick-reference study guide based on the core competencies of the Zerto 4.5+ curriculum. We’ve highlighted the correct answers to help you review.
ZCP Practice Exam Questions
1) After performing a failover operation (Test, Live, Move) Zerto allows you to generate a report detailing the steps performed during the operation.
- True
- False
2) VPGs can only protect virtual machines running Mac OS X or Windows XP and newer.
- True
- False (Note: Zerto is generally OS-agnostic as it operates at the hypervisor replication level.)
3) To recover a single VPG after a corrupted database, which of these operations would be most effective?
- Journal file-level restore
- Offsite clone
- Live failover
- Backup restore
4) ZVR’s Journal is stored where?
- Production/source site
- Recovery/target site
- Both
- Neither
5) During a VPG sync, which of the following operations can be performed? (Select all that apply)
- Add a VM to the group
- Remove a VM from the group
- Change length of Journal history for the group
- Change hard limit of Journal size for the group
6) Offsite Backups for a VPG should be scheduled to run at least every four hours, but no more than every 12 hours.
- True
- False
7) How much memory can be allocated to a Virtual Replication Appliance (VRA)?
- 1 GB
- 3 GB
- Between 1-16 GB
- Between 2-8 GB
8) If both sites (target/recovery and source/production) are up, healthy, and accessible, which VPG-level operation is most appropriate?
- Live Failover
- Move/migration
- Offsite Clone
- JFLR
9) What basic method does ZVR use to protect data and applications?
- VM-level continuous replication
- Scheduled and on-demand snapshots
- Daily delta syncs
- Guest/agent-based replication
10) ZVR cannot function across different hypervisors, storage configurations, or host OS versions.
- True
- False (Note: Cross-replication between VMware and Hyper-V is a core Zerto strength.)
11) What must be true for a Move operation to be effective? (Select all that apply)
- Both source (or production) and target (recovery) sites are up and accessible
- Each VM in the VPG has an up-to-date Journal
- The very latest copy of the data is required
- One of the site’s hosts has either a new VRA installed or an upgraded VRA
12) A fully configured ZVM on each paired site—e.g. production and recovery—requires which of the following? (Select all that apply)
- Adding a site-specific license under Site Settings
- Creating matching VPGs on each site
- Installing VRAs on that site’s host(s)
13) Enabling auto-commit will always provide 30 minutes to validate the results of a failover before committing the changes.
- True
- False (Note: The timeout is configurable.)
14) ZVR has built-in support for scheduled bandwidth throttling that can work with or without other hardware/software also managing this.
- True
- False
15) What characterizes the kinds of VMs you should group together in the same VPG?
- Each are using the same datastore or volume for storage
- They need to maintain consistency with each other and all be failed over or recovered together
- All are running both the same OS and same hypervisor
- The journal is sized the same on each VM
16) Adding a VM to an existing VPG means… (Select all that apply)
- The entire VPG will be re-synchronized to ensure group consistency
- The VPG protection will need to be paused before adding the additional VM
- A checkpoint will be automatically inserted in the Journal prior to adding the VM
- A Live Failover cannot be executed until the updated VPG is fully synchronized
17) What is the Journal?
- Audit trail to track which operations were performed and when
- Series of checkpoints tracking block-level changes within VMs
- Detailed list of every snapshot, whether automatic or manually generated snapshots
- Compliance record of each VPG’s replication status at any given checkpoint
18) The ZVR installer includes which of the following components? (Select all that apply)
- Local copies of the ZVR documentation specific to your hypervisor
- One license key for each site you’ll use with Zerto
- Microsoft .NET Framework in case the machine does not already have it installed
- VRA template for a custom-designed Zerto VM
- A Virtual Backup Appliance (VBA) for managing backups
19) If you needed to test the failover of an entire virtualized datacenter, what best practices should be followed? (Select all that apply)
- Perform the test during off hours or on the weekend
- Clone the VPGs you want to test prior to starting the failover test
- Use an isolated/fenced network for testing
- Always stop the test from within ZVM and not your hypervisor’s management console(s)
- Provision a sandbox where ZVR can deploy the test VMs
20) What is a Virtual Replication Appliance (VRA)?
- Lightweight agent installed on each VM in a protection group
- Snapshot engine that powers the ZVR Journal
- Custom Linux VM performing continuous replication
- A hypervisor plugin/add-on to manage cross-hypervisor replication
21) ZVR 4.5 allows for Journal Compression to increase storage capacity for journal history.
- True
- False
22) If the hypervisor service/admin account provided during installation is incorrect, ZVR will still proceed with the installation and ask for re-validation after installation is complete.
- True
- False
23) When configuring a Failover Test network, what is Zerto’s recommended best practice?
- Test and production network should be the same to ensure consistency
- Test network should be isolated/fenced
- The ZVM should be on a test network
- Pause replication on production network when using a test network during a test
24) What operating system is running on the VRA virtual machine?
- Ubuntu
- Debian
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux
- Windows Server 2012
25) What VPG configuration option would give you the ability to stagger when and how your protected VMs start?
- Bandwidth Throttling
- Re-IP
- Pre/Post Operation Scripting
- Boot Order Groups
Level Up: Becoming a Zerto Certified Professional (ZCP) | Lazy Admin Blog
In the world of Disaster Recovery, there are two types of admins: those who panic during an outage, and those who have “Master of Disaster” status.
If you’re looking to join the elite ranks of the latter, it’s time to talk about Zerto Certified Professional (ZCP) training. While the original ZVR 4.5 training was a game-changer for its time, Zerto’s training ecosystem has evolved significantly since then to keep pace with modern cloud and ransomware threats.
What is ZCP Training?
Zerto Certified Professional (ZCP) is the official technical certification program designed for customers and partners. It moves you beyond the basics of “click and replicate” into the deep engineering of Continuous Data Protection (CDP).
The current curriculum has shifted from just “Basic” to a more modular, role-based approach available through the myZerto University platform.
Key Learning Pillars:
- Architecture & Installation: Setting up the Zerto Virtual Manager (ZVM) and Virtual Replication Appliances (VRAs).
- VPG Management: Creating Virtual Protection Groups (VPGs) to keep multi-VM applications consistent.
- The “Time Machine” (Journal): Master file-level restores and point-in-time recovery to defeat ransomware.
- The Big Red Button: Coordinating Test Failovers, Live Failovers, and Move operations without breaking a sweat.
Is it still “Basic”?
Zerto has streamlined its certifications into several paths to match your specific environment:
| Certification | Level | Focus Area |
| ZCP Enterprise | Foundation | Core vSphere/Hyper-V to On-Prem replication. |
| ZCP Azure/AWS | Intermediate | Hybrid Cloud DR and migration to public clouds. |
| ZCP Advanced | Expert | Complex troubleshooting, multi-site, and API automation. |
| ZCP Managed Services | Partner | Specifically for DRaaS (Disaster Recovery as a Service) providers. |
Why Bother Getting Certified?
- Confidence: Knowing exactly how the journal works means you can recover data from seconds before a crash.
- Professional Status: It officially recognizes you as a “Master of Disaster” within the community.
- Efficiency: You’ll learn the “Lazy Admin” way to automate IP re-addressing and boot ordering, so you don’t have to do it manually during a crisis.
How to Get Started
- Access: Head over to the myZerto Portal. (Note: You still need to be a customer or partner to access full technical training).
- Time Investment: Most foundational courses take between 90 minutes and 3 hours of self-paced e-learning.
- The Exam: You’ll typically need a 75% or higher to pass. The exams are online, unproctored, and refreshingly focused on real-world scenarios rather than trivia.
Lazy Admin Tip: Don’t just watch the videos. If you have a lab environment, try to break a VPG and see how the ZVM alerts you. Real learning happens when the lights go red!
Forgot Your ESXi Root Password? Reset It Without Reinstalling (vCenter Hack) | Lazy Admin Blog
We’ve all been there. You go to log into the DCUI or SSH into a host only to find the root password doesn’t work, and nobody documented the change.
According to VMware’s official stance, the only “supported” way to recover is a complete wipe and reinstall. But if your host is still managed by vCenter and you have Enterprise Plus licensing, there is a “lazy” (and highly effective) way out using Host Profiles.
How it works
When a host is added to vCenter, a special user called vpxa is created with full root privileges. We can use this existing “backdoor” to push a new configuration to the host, effectively overwriting the lost root password.
Step-by-Step Recovery
1. Extract the Profile
Right-click the “locked” host in the vSphere Web Client. Navigate to All vCenter Actions > Host Profiles > Extract Host Profile. Follow the wizard to create a template of that specific host’s configuration.
2. Edit the Security Settings
Go to Home > Host Profiles (under Management). Right-click your new profile and select Edit.
- Expand Security and Services.
- Expand Security Settings.
- Click on Security Configuration.
- In the dropdown, select: “Configure a fixed administrator password”.
- Enter and confirm your new root password.
3. Attach and Remediate
- Go back to Hosts and Clusters, right-click the host, and select Host Profiles > Attach Host Profile. Select the one you just edited.
- Maintenance Mode: You must put the host into Maintenance Mode.
- Remediate: Right-click the host again, select Host Profiles > Remediate. If you skip Maintenance Mode, vSphere will block the operation.
4. Finish
Once the remediation task completes, the host will reboot. Your new root password is now active!
Important Limitations
- Licensing: This requires Enterprise Plus. Standard or Essentials kits do not include Host Profiles.
- Connectivity: The host must be currently “Connected” in vCenter. If the management agent has crashed or the host is “Not Responding,” this method will not work.
The “Lazy Admin” Verdict
Reinstalling an ESXi host means reconfiguring networking, storage, and scratch partitions. Using a Host Profile takes about 10 minutes and keeps your uptime (and sanity) intact.
SRM Plugin Down? How to Generate Diagnostic Logs via the Command Line | Lazy Admin Blog
In a high-pressure recovery situation, the last thing you want to see is the “SRM Connection Failed” error in your vSphere Client. If you can’t access the SRM interface to click “Gather Logs,” you have to go straight to the source.
Site Recovery Manager includes a standalone support script that packages all necessary diagnostics directly from the Windows Server filesystem, even if the SRM service itself is struggling.
Step 1: Locate the Support Script
Log into the Windows Server where SRM is installed and navigate to the \bin\ directory. The path varies slightly depending on your version and OS architecture:
- 64-bit Windows (Standard):
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware vCenter Site Recovery Manager\bin\ - 32-bit Windows (Legacy):
C:\Program Files (32 bit)\VMware\VMware vCenter Site Recovery Manager\bin\ - SRM 1.0 (Vintage):
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Site Recovery Manager\bin\
Step 2: Generate the Bundle
- Look for the file named
srm-support.wsf. - Double-click the file to execute it.
- Wait a few moments. A compressed log bundle will appear on the Desktop of the current user, named in this format:
srm-plugin-support-MM-DD-YYYY-hh-mm.zip.
Step 3: Label Your Logs (The “Pro” Tip)
VMware Support will often need logs from both the Protected and Recovery sites. Because the log bundles look identical, VMware highly recommends renaming the files before uploading them to the FTP portal:
protected-srm-support-MM-DD-YYYY.ziprecovery-srm-support-MM-DD-YYYY.zip
Don’t Forget the SRA Logs!
If your issue involves storage replication, VMware will also need the Storage Replication Adapter (SRA) logs. These are usually tucked away in vendor-specific folders:
...\VMware vCenter Site Recovery Manager\scripts\SAN\<SRA Vendor Name>\log\C:\Program Files\<SRA Vendor Name>\
Manual Configuration Check
If you need to verify your extension ID or database connection strings manually, you can find the core XML configuration files in the \config\ directory:
extension.xmlvmware-dr.xml
The Permission Panic: How to Backup and Restore Share & NTFS Permissions | Lazy Admin Blog
It only takes one “Inheritance” checkbox error to bring a department to a standstill. If you are migrating a file server or just performing routine maintenance, having a permission backup is your “Undo” button.
1. Share Permissions (The Registry Method)
“Share” permissions (the ones you see in the Sharing tab) are not stored on the files themselves; they are stored in the Windows Registry.
To Backup: Open a Command Prompt (Admin) and run:
DOS
reg export HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanmanServer\Shares shareperms.regTo Restore: Simply import the file back on the new or repaired server:
DOS
reg import shareperms.regNote: You must restart the ‘Server’ service or reboot for the shares to reappear.
2. NTFS Permissions (The icacls Method)
NTFS permissions (the “Security” tab) are much more complex. We use the built-in icacls tool to handle these.
The Backup Command:
DOS
icacls d:\data /save ntfsperms.txt /t /c- /t: Recurses through all subfolders.
- /c: Continues even if it hits a single file error (like a long file path).
The “Tricky” Restore Command: When restoring, icacls treats the paths inside the text file as relative. If your backup file says “Data\Folder1,” and you try to restore to D:\Data, it will look for D:\Data\Data\Folder1.
The Correct Syntax:
DOS
icacls d:\ /restore ntfsperms.txtLazy Admin Warning: Always point the restore command one level above the folder you backed up. If you backed up
D:\Data, restore toD:\.
Understanding the “Secret Code” (SDDL)
If you open your ntfsperms.txt file, you’ll see strings like D:AI(A;ID;FA;;;BA). This is Security Descriptor Definition Language (SDDL).
- BA = Built-in Administrators
- SY = Local System
- AU = Authenticated Users
It looks like gibberish, but to the Windows Kernel, it is a perfect map of your security infrastructure.
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